TERROIR OF SANTA BARBARA WINE COUNTRY
Benefiting from a very special topography, with the influence of ancient marine soils and cool climate, the terroir of Santa Barbara Wine Country is truly unique and allows local winemakers to create exceptional wines.
A Truly Special Topography
Santa Barbara County’s most significant and special topographical feature is its transverse mountain ranges. Along nearly all of North and South America’s West coast, mountains run parallel to the coastline. With rare exceptions, those mountain ranges shield inland valleys from the cooling winds, fog, and marine layer of the Pacific Ocean. However, in Santa Barbara County, mountains closest to the coast run East to West, perpendicular to the shore and the valleys between these transverse ranges act as funnels rather than buffers for cold air, fog, and marine layer.
As a result, Santa Barbara County is home to one of the most southerly “cool climate” wine regions in the Northern Hemisphere.
The Influence of Ancient Marine Soils
The soils of the Santa Barbara County AVAs mostly originate from the Pacific’s sea floor. Left by the receding Pacific Ocean and deposits from the Santa Maria and Santa Ynez Rivers, in many cases, these ancient marine soils imbue the grapes and wines grown from them with chalky and saline characteristics that are delicate, balanced, and perfectly communicate the place they were grown.
Soils commonly found here are calcareous soils: limestone and chalk, which help maintain acidity; diatomaceous earth (tiny, marine creature skeletons, high in silica) which creates concentrated wines, clay loams which retain moisture for thirsty vines, and sandy loams which make more fruit driven styles.
From these 2 large AVAs, smaller AVAs would sprout just like the original vine clippings brought to Santa Barbara by Father Junipero Serra nearly 250 years ago. Today there are 7 established and officially recognized AVAs, well over 100 wineries and over 20,000 acres of grapes planted to a very diverse 65+ varieties – most acres are dedicated to growing Chardonnay and Pinot Noir, with Syrah a distant third place. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, and Grenache also have a foothold, with Rhône varietals making headway.
The Santa Barbara County wine industry has grown from virtually nothing in 1970 to almost a billion dollar business in less than 35 years.
The Influence of Cool Climate and Diurnal Swing
Despite its southerly latitude, cool climate conditions in sunny Santa Barbara County and a reliably dry fall give grapes a long, even growing season. The length of the season allows for extended “hang time” and the chance for fruit to develop flavors that are powerful and complex while still retaining balance. Large diurnal temperature swings contribute to this phenomenon: cool nights, foggy mornings and warm afternoons give grapes the chance to ripen during the day and retain acidity overnight.
This special combination of meteorological effects allows fruit from Santa Barbara County to reach physiological ripeness while still retaining acidity, very often accumulating less sugar than fruit from other California AVAs. The result is a delicate, balanced wine style, usually with moderate alcohol content. This higher acidity/sugar ratio also increases the potential for wines to age beautifully.
